![]() The zones are numbered from west to east. To explain the length zones: (1-60, in the example the 31)įor the UTM system, the Earth is divided into 60 zones from west to east, each strip comprising 6 degrees of longitude. The universal transversal projection is much more accurate, especially for smaller maps, and is used by almost all major map services today.Īn example for UTM coordinates is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris with: 31U 448304 5413670 Since this system is true to angle, but produces larger areas with increasing distance from the equator, Gauss and Krüger have further developed the transverse Mercator projection. ![]() The basis and name of this system come from Gerhard Mercator, a geographer from the Middle Ages. It divides the earth's surface (from 80° south to 84° north) in stripes into 6° wide vertical zones. The Universal Transverse Mercator is a global coordinate system. Unfortunately still swapped in the order unlike most other systems that use N/E. Here you can see that the designation has also changed from y/x to E/N. To differentiate, however, 2,000 or 1,000 kilometres were added to the coordinates as an offset, so that the reference point for Bern is now, for example, E 2,600,000 and N 1,200,000. ![]() The new system is also based on the Bessel 1841 Ellipsiod and differs only very slightly in accuracy (maximum 1.6 metres). The current reference system in Switzerland since 2016, mandatory from 2020 at the latest. Please pay attention to the values if necessary. However, only the CH coordinates are calculated here. Vaduz has the CH coordinates Y 758008 | X 223061, which results in LIE coordinates Y 158008 | X 23061. The starting point of all calculations for Switzerland was fixed at Bern and is Y:600000 East | X:200000 North.įor Liechtenstein the reference point is also Bern, but with the values Y:0 | X:0, so that e.g. Swiss Grid, too, are the official Swiss national coordinates. It is interesting to note that a minute of latitude corresponds to about 1.852 km and thus defines a nautical mile. The second number indicates the minutes in whole numbers from 0 to 59,Īnd the last number indicates the seconds as an integer or decimal number from 0 to 59.999999. ![]() Sexagesimal means, because 1 degree corresponds to 60 minutes, 1 minute corresponds to 60 seconds.Īn example is 52° 12' 43.33" N(North), 12° 44' 33" E(East), Degrees Minutes Seconds (historical notation, sexagesimal, DD° MM' SS.SS") The second number is the minute integer or decimal number from 0 to 59.999999.įor a sufficient accuracy, the same values apply here as for decimal notation. Where the first number is an integer of the degrees (D=degree) and must be between -180 and 180. This is also a common spelling, which is common in geocaching and especially in seafaring, where the minute is usually sufficient as the smallest specification.Īn example is 52° 12.2345' N(north), 12° 44.5678' E(east), Degrees Minutes (nautical notation, DD° MM.MMMM') Like most systems, we use 6 decimal places, which corresponds to an accuracy of 1 meter. With only 2 decimal places there is a possible deviation of up to 1km, with 4 decimal places there is only a deviation of 10m, The accuracy of this specification depends strongly on the number of decimal places. This system is used mainly because it can be calculated very well.Īn example for coordinates in decimal degree of Berlin (Siegessäule): Lat 52.514487 N, Lng 13.350126 E On this page you can calculate and work with it, as well as Google Maps and Microsoft (Bing) Maps. Decimal degree (decimal notation, DD.DDDDDD°) The length is given in -180° to +180° East, instead of 180° West to 180° East. On this page the latitude is given in decimal degrees from -90° to +90°, it would also be possible to give from 90° south to 90° north. The geographical coordinates describe a point by its angular distance from the equator. The World Geodetic System of 1984 is a geodetic reference system used by many GPS devices as a uniform basis for position information on Earth. Information on geographical coordinates, conversion and calculation
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